Cryogenic RF measurements for quantum and semiconductor technologies

The 2025 Quantum Strategy aims to position Europe as a global leader in quantum technologies by 2030. The strategy highlights that the EU is “currently lagging behind in translating its innovation capabilities and future potential into real market opportunities”.  Quantum technologies require improved characterisation and modelling of radiofrequency (RF), semiconductor and electronic devices operating at cryogenic temperatures (≤ 4 K/-269^oC). These temperatures are essential to reduce thermal noise, enabling stable quantum states. The main challenge in this area is developing accurate and traceable cryogenic calibration standards. Techniques are also needed to characterise quantities such as the S‑parameter, which defines the loss or phase change for transmitted and electric signals, and to address noise and RF power at ultra-low temperatures.

Building on EURAMET projects including SuperQuant, this project will develop quantum standards and establish S‑parameter measurement systems and calibration techniques to enable traceable and accurate characterisation of devices and on‑wafer quantum circuits at 4 K up to 40 GHz. Classical and quantum‑based approaches will be taken to allow accurate, traceable RF power measurements of signals and devices at cryogenic temperatures with sensitivities down to the femtowatt power level. Cryogenic noise sources and verification devices will be used to perform noise measurements in frequencies 0.5 GHz to 18 GHz – a range important for many quantum applications.

This work will enable industry and academia to demonstrate the performance of new and improved instruments in areas such as quantum computing, cryo‑electronics and in the semiconductor industry, helping Europe to meet its quantum goals.