Case Studies

The first “quantum revolution” (Quantum 1.0) came about in the 20th century, when an understanding of fundamental particles led to the development of lasers, semiconductors and atomic clocks. We’re now in the second quantum revolution (Quantum 2.0), where physicists and engineers are controlling individual photons and sub-atomi...

High (10⁻¹-10⁻⁶ Pa) and ultra-high (10⁻⁶-10⁻⁹ Pa) vacuum are indispensable in a range of high-technology industries including preventing atmospheric contamination during integrated circuit fabrication or the deposition of thin films for solar cell or electronic manufacturing. Vacuum levels are measured by “ionisation gauges” (...

Cancer is the second largest cause of death in Europe. In the last few decades several new treatment modalities have emerged to help reduce the burden of this disease in the population, including, Magnetic Resonance (MR) guided radiotherapy (MRgRT). Magnetic resonance imaging provides detailed images of a patients soft tissues ...

To prevent electrical failures in the grid, such as short circuits and breakdowns and resulting blackouts, it is essential that components of the electricity grid, including cabling, insulators, switchgears, and transformers, are tested to ensure suitability for their operating environments. As well as the high voltage alterna...

Waste incineration, steel production, chemical and cement plants all emit hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas which combines with water to produce hydrochloric acid, contributing to photochemical smog that damages health, buildings and ecosystems. The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) limits maximum permissible HCl emissions from w...

Photonics – which deals with generating, using and detecting light – has been defined by the European Union as a Key Enabling Technology due to its applications in areas like health, manufacturing and efficient LED lighting. To ensure photonics measurements are accurate, the optical power of sensor systems (which quantifies th...