Case Studies

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A scene showing roof tops in Tanzania in Africa. On top of the roof are three locals with long handled paint brushes who are painting one of the roofs with bright white paint

Cooling without air conditioning, even in direct sunlight

2024 was the first year that average global temperature exceeded 1.5ºC above pre-industrial levels. Africa, in particular, was hard hit that year, with Zambia and Zimbabwe suffering the worst drought in two decades, reducing cereal yields by 42% and 50% respectively. As daytime temperatures in parts of the continent reached 45º...

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On the left-hand side of the image is the sun with fiery solar flares extending across the picture to the Earth on the right-hand side. Here the Earth’s magnetic field is acting like a “shield” diverting the fire around the planet

Understanding and predicting the effects of solar storms with a new AI model

One of the first discoveries of the space age in 1958 was the existence of two doughnut-shaped radiation zones around the Earth, the “Van Allen Belts”. Formed from energetic particles generated by distant cosmic events or from the solar wind, these follow the Earth’s magnetic field lines. The inner belt, composed mostly of ener...

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In an orange sky the sun beats down onto cracked dry earth with a burning thermometer on the left of the image reading over 40 degrees centigrade

Using outer space as a limitless, energy efficient heat sink

The vast majority of sunlight reaching the Earth’s surface is composed of UV and visible shortwave radiation (≤3 μm). This energy is absorbed by the oceans and landmasses and reemitted as longwave thermal radiation (4 μm - 100 μm). Although some escapes into space, certain wavelengths are absorbed by atmospheric gases such as c...

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