Case Studies

Geodesists chart changes in the Earth’s surface with high precision using space-geodesic techniques, like the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). In GNSS, orbital satellites send radio waves to receivers on the ground. The time delay between transmission of the signal and reception can be used to determine a position on ...

To monitor changes caused by natural phenomena, like earthquakes or volcanoes, or the effects of global warming, accurate measurements of the Earth’s surface are required. This is performed by geodesists using ‘reference frames’, one of which is the ‘International Terrestrial Reference Frame’ (ITRF). This utilises a suite of po...

As energy grids across Europe become increasingly decarbonised, reliance on renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and hydroelectric power is becoming more prevalent. However, due to the nature of these sources, their integration into the grid brings with it more variability of supply and more complex conditions. To main...

Nanoparticles (NPs), due to their small size (1-100 nm), have enhanced activity compared to the same material of larger sizes and are finding uses in a range of products and processes, including cosmetics, sunscreens and water treatment. It is estimated that the global market for NPs is €20 billion – with over 300 000 European ...

Time and frequency dissemination plays a central role in location services, commercial and financial transactions, communication systems such as 5G and the internet, as well as providing a frequency reference used in electricity grids. The most widespread way this is done is via Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). In Eu...

Radioactive decay occurs in unstable nuclides with an excess of protons or neutrons in the nucleus. Accurate knowledge of the decay process is vital in the nuclear industry where it is used in waste processing, storage, powerplant decommissioning or adherence to Directives such as 2013/59/Euratom on basic safety standards for p...