Case Studies

Brewer spectrophotometers are among the most sophisticated instruments currently used to measure stratospheric ozone and solar UV radiation. Global solar UV radiation entering the spectrophotometer is sampled by a diffusion plate to measure its intensity. The diffusion characteristics of this entrance optic is one of the most i...

Today, the majority of dissolved oxygen measurements made by the oceanographic community are made using amperometric and optical sensors. While the performance of these sensors has improved dramatically over recent years, accurate measurements are still difficult to obtain due to the influence of numerous sources of measurement...

Recognising this need, organisations including the European Space Agency (ESA) now require the instrumentation they use to meet the Quality Assurance Framework for Earth Observation (QA4EO) guidelines, which specify the need for measurement traceability. However, while carefully calibrated on the groundprior to launch, Earth ob...

A large proportion of nuclear power plant waste has minimal radioactive content, well below biologically hazardous levels, and once classified as ‘free release’ it can be sent for recycling. However, all nuclear waste is necessarily subject to strict regulations governing its release and the criteria for free release into the e...

Providing the traceability to the SI units needed to ensure globally comparable measurements, even in the most remote monitoring locations, poses a key challenge to environmental monitoring. The extreme conditions encountered in many remote locations can significantly affect the response of environmental sensors, making accurat...

Spectro-analytical techniques are used to identify and quantify concentrations of greenhouse and other gases in the atmosphere. These techniques are based on the unique spectral ‘finger prints’ generated by molecular interactions with specific radiation selected in the near and mid infrared wavelengths of the electromagnetic sp...