This file was created by the Typo3 extension sevenpack version 0.7.9 --- Timezone: UTC Creation date: 2013-05-22 Creation time: 17-06-21 --- Number of references 65 proceedings IacomussiRR2013 Proceedings of the 27th Session of the CIE 2013 ENG05: Lighting: Metrology for Solid State Lighting The aim of this research is to compare the influence of two different luminous sources (incandescent light and LED light) on perceived contrast of objects in a disability glare context. About 25 subjects were involved in an experiment in order to monitor the variations in their contrast perception threshold, with and without glare sources, using a calibrated computer LCD display. In this first phase the spectral influence is investigate. Typical applications of this research results, could be road and tunnel lighting requirements on disability glare restrictions when LED sources are used. This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article accepted for publication in the Proceedings of the 27th Session of the CIE. CIE is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it.&nbsp; CIE has given permission for publication of the article within the EURAMET Repository. Subjective experiment, contrast threshold, disability glare, LED fileadmin/docs/EMRP/Repository/A169/ENG05_Lighting/PP02.pdf EMRP A169: Call 2009 Energy Sun City, South Africa 27th Session of the CIE 9 - 16 July 2011 English 1 P.Iacomussi G.Rossi L.Rossi proceedings RodriguezHigueroR2012 Proceedings of the XXVII National Symposium URSI 2012 2012 9 IND16: Ultrafast: Metrology for ultrafast electronics and high-speed communications We present here the structure expected for covariance matrices for Real-Time (RTDO) and Digital Sampling (DSO) Oscilloscopes. Covariance matrices are defined over the real and imaginary components of the set of traces converted into the Frequency domain by means of FFT. Our aim is to reduce the data storage requirements so that they are kept proportional to trace length N instead of its square N2. Cholesky decomposition can be applied provided that certain conditions about the matrices are met: specifically they have to be Hermitian. Final objective of the research work is to trace the uncertainties in the Frequency domain back to well-known uncertainty contributions in the Time domain, such as jitter and noise. This will be done by means of Monte Carlo simulations. This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article accepted for publication in the proceedings of the XXVII National Symposium URSI 2012. URSI Spain, the Spanish National Committee of URSI, is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is available online at <link http://ursi.usc.es/articulos_modernos/2012_Elche/PDF-%20Articulos%20Autores/ursi2012elche_submission_27.pdf - external-link-new-window "Opens external link in new window">ursi.usc.es/articulos_modernos/2012_Elche/PDF-%20Articulos%20Autores/ursi2012elche_submission_27.pdf</link> Covariance matrix, DSO, RTDO, Cholesky decomposition, Jitter, Noise, FFT, Monte Carlo fileadmin/docs/EMRP/Repository/A169/IND_16_Ultrafast/URSI_2012__Manuel_Rodriguez_Higuero__junio_2012.pdf ursi.usc.es/articulos_modernos/2012_Elche/PDF-%20Articulos%20Autores/ursi2012elche_submission_27.pdf EMRP A169: Call 2010 Industry Elche (Alicante), Spain XXVII Simposium Nacional de la Unión Científica Internacional de Radio URSI 2012 12 - 14 September 2012 Spanish 1 M.Rodriguez Higuero I.Rodrigo Gómez proceedings HoutzagerRHEv2012 Proceedings of the Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements 2012 2012 1 ENG07: HVDC: Metrology for High Voltage Direct Current This paper describes the selection and characterization of resistors for a 1000 kV HVDC divider. One thousand 10 MO resistors will be connected in series in the final design. Due to the large number of resistors only a randomly selected set has been characterized. The measured temperature and voltage coefficients of the resistors are around 1 µO/O/K and -10 µO/O/kV respectively, which make them very suitable for reaching the overall desired divider uncertainty of better than100 µV/V. This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article accepted for publication in the Proceedings of the Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements 2012 (CPEM 2012). Copyright 2012 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. HVDC, resistors, metrology, voltage coefficient, temperature coefficient, high-voltage techniques, resistance measurement fileadmin/docs/EMRP/Repository/A169/ENG07_HVDC/CPEM_2012_Summary_Paper_Selection_and_characterization_of_resistors_for_a_HVDC_reference_divider.pdf EMRP A169: Call 2009 Energy IEEE Washington DC, USA CPEM 2012 01 - 06 July 2012 English 1 E.Houtzager G.Rietveldt J.Hällström A.-P.Elg J. H. N.van der Beek article HauswaldtRJFSLM2012 Accreditation and Quality Assurance 2012 17 T2.J10: TRACEBIOACTIVITY: Traceable measurements for biospecies and ion activity in clinical chemistry 129-138 iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Health English 10.1007/s00769-011-0827-5 1 A.-L.Hauswaldt O.Rienitz R.Jährling N.Fischer D.Schiel G,Labarraque B.Magnusson proceedings RossiZIR2012 Proceedings of CIE 2012 'Lighting Quality and Energy Efficiency' 2012 ENG05: Lighting: Metrology for Solid State Lighting The objective of this work is to monitor the effects of light on pupil size considering different type of sources and retinal images in order to isolate the effect of dimension and spectra distribution of the emitted radiations. A pupillometric system has been built, constituted by an infrared illuminator and a high-resolution camera, in order to acquire eye images and get pupil dimensions through an ad hoc designed software. From the first tests differences on pupil size due to different spectrum and shape of sources has been founded even at equal luminance of the source This study, as a basic research on measurements of photobiological effects of light, would improve the knowledge of human visual system especially for applications in lighting design like road lighting or where psychophysical effects of light are important issues. <div>This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article accepted for publication in the Proceedings of CIE 2012: 'Lighting Quality and Energy Efficiency'. </div> <div>CIE is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it.&nbsp; </div> <div>CIE has given permission for publication of the article within the EURAMET Repository.</div> Pupil size, pupillometry, photobiological effects of light, LED fileadmin/docs/EMRP/Repository/A169/ENG05_Lighting/07_copia_light.pdf EMRP A169: Call 2009 Energy Hangzhou, China CIE 2012: 'Lighting Quality and Energy Efficiency 19 - 21 September 2012 English 978-3-902842-42-8 1 L.Rossi L.Zegna P.Iacomussi G.Rossi proceedings ZhaoR2012 Proceedings of CPEM 2012: Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements 2012 ENG05: Lighting: Metrology for Solid State Lighting http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=6250921 EMRP A169: Call 2009 Energy Washington, DC, USA CPEM 2012: Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements 1 - 6 July 2012 English 0589-1485 10.1109/CPEM.2012.6250921 1 D.Zhao G.Rietveld article LiebingSRRLOS2011 Physical Review Letters 2011 10 107 177201 T4.J02: NanoSpin: Nanomagnetism and Spintronics iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Electricity and Magnetism English doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.177201 1 N.Liebing S.Serrano-Guisan K.Rott G.Reiss J.Langer B.Ocker H. W.Schumacher article PramannRSGV2011 International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 2011 8 1 305 1 T1.J1.2: NAH: Avogadro and molar Planck constants for the redefinition of the kilogram iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 SI and Fundamental Metrology 1 A.Pramann O.Rienitz D.Schiel B.Guettler S.Valkiers article SerranoGuisanSWLCSRS2011 Journal of Applied Physics 2011 7 28 110 2 T4.J02: NanoSpin: Nanomagnetism and Spintronics 023906 iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Electricity and Magnetism English doi:10.1063/1.3610948 1 S.Serrano-Guisan W.Skowronski J.Wrona N.Liebing M.Czapkiewicz T.Stobiecki G.Reiss H. W.Schumacher article ZhaoRT2011 IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 2011 7 60 7 T4.J07: EMF and SAR: Traceable measurement of field strength and SAR for the Physical Agents Directive 2267-2274 iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Health English 1 DongshengZhao G.Rietveld George M.Teunisse article LolliBDGMPPRRTT2011 2011 6 9 T1.J2.3: qu-Candela: Candela: towards quantum-based photon standards 405-413 iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 SI and Fundamental Metrology English 1 L.Lolli G.Brida I. P.Degiovanni M.Gramegna E.Monticone F.Piacentini C.Portesi M.Rajteri I.Ruo Berchera E.Taralli P.Traina article AndrieuxZCRZ2011 Optics Letters 2011 4 1 36 7 T2.J02: Breath analysis: Breath analysis as a diagnostic tool for early disease detection 1212-1214 iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Health English 1 E.Andrieux ThomasZanon MaloCadoret AbdallahRihan Jean-JacquesZondy article AndreasABBBBBFFFKKKMNPPRSVWZ2011 Metrologia 2011 3 22 48 2 T1.J1.1: e-Mass: The watt balance route towards a new definition of the kilogram Abstract: This paper concerns an international research project aimed at determining the Avogadro constant by counting the atoms in an isotopically enriched silicon crystal. The counting procedure was based on the measurement of the molar volume and the volume of an atom in two 1 kg crystal spheres. The novelty was the use of isotope dilution mass spectrometry as a new and very accurate method for the determination of the molar mass of enriched silicon. Because of an unexpected metallic contamination of the sphere surfaces, the relative measurement uncertainty, 3 × 10-8 NA, is larger by a factor 1.5 than that targeted. The measured value of the Avogadro constant, NA = 6.022 140 82(18) × 1023 mol-1, is the most accurate input datum for the kilogram redefinition and differs by 16 × 10-8 NA from the CODATA 2006 adjusted value. This value is midway between the NIST and NPL watt-balance values. This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article accepted for publication in Metrologia. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is available online at <link http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/48/2/S01 - external-link-new-window "Opens external link in new window">10.1088/0026-1394/48/2/S01</link> Avogadro constant, kilogram redefinition, silicon, XRCD method fileadmin/docs/EMRP/Repository/NAH/Paper__51_Counting_atom.pdf iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 SI and Fundamental Metrology English 10.1088/0026-1394/48/2/S01 1 B.Andreas Y.Azuma G.Bartl P.Becker H.Bettin M.Borys I.Busch P.Fuchs K.Fujii H.Fujimoto E.Kessler M.Krumrey U.Kuetgens N.Mizushima A.Nicolaus A.Picard A.Pramann O.Rienitz D.Schiel S.Valkiers A.Waseda S.Zakel article PramannRSSGV2011 Metrologia 2011 3 22 48 2 T1.J1.2: NAH: Avogadro and molar Planck constants for the redefinition of the kilogram The molar mass of a new silicon crystal material highly enriched in 28Si (‘Si28’, x(28Si)>99.99%) has been measured for the first time using a combination of a modified isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) technique and a high resolution multicollector-ICP-mass spectrometer. This work is related to the redetermination of the Avogadro constant NA with an intended relative measurement uncertainty urel(NA) < 2 × 10-8. The corresponding experimental investigations of the International Avogadro Coordination (IAC) were performed using this novel ‘Si28’ material. One prerequisite of the redetermination of NA is the determination of the isotopic composition and thus molar mass of ‘Si28’ with urel(M(‘Si28’)) < 1 × 10-8. At PTB, a molar mass M(‘Si28’) = 27.976 970 27(23) g mol-1 has been determined with an associated relative uncertainty urel(M(‘Si28’)) = 8.2 × 10-9, opening the opportunity to reach the target uncertainty of NA. This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article accepted for publication in Metrologia. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is available online at <link http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/48/2/S03 - external-link-new-window "Opens external link in new window">10.1088/0026-1394/48/2/S03</link> Molar mass, Silicon, Isotope dilution mass spectrometry fileadmin/docs/EMRP/Repository/NAH/Paper__49_Molar_mass_of.pdf iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 SI and Fundamental Metrology English doi:10.1088/0026-1394/48/2/S03 1 A.Pramann O.Rienitz D.Schiel J.Schlote B.Guettler S.Valkiers article BulskaDMPRSV2011 Metrologia 2011 3 22 48 2 T1.J1.2: NAH: Avogadro and molar Planck constants for the redefinition of the kilogram To determine the Avogadro constant by counting the atoms in quasi-perfect spheres made of a silicon crystal highly enriched with 28Si, the isotopic composition of the crystal was measured in different laboratories by different measurement methods. This paper examines the consistency of the measurement result. This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article accepted for publication in Metrologia. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is available online at <link http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/48/2/S05 - external-link-new-window "Opens external link in new window">10.1088/0026-1394/48/2/S05</link> Molar mass, Silicon, isotopic composition, gas mass spectrometry, MC-ICP-MS fileadmin/docs/EMRP/Repository/NAH/Paper__47_The_isotopic.pdf iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 SI and Fundamental Metrology English 10.1088/0026-1394/48/2/S05 1 E.Bulska M. N.Drozdov G.Mana A.Pramann O.Rienitz P.Sennikov S.Valkiers article HaoAGCRKJDS2011 Applied Physics Letters 2011 2 28 98 9 T4.J02: NanoSpin: Nanomagnetism and Spintronics iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Electricity and Magnetism English 10.1063/1.3561743 1 L.Hao C.Assmann J. C.Gallop D.Cox F.Ruede O.Kazakova P.Josephs-Franks D.Drung Th.Schurig proceedings McCarthyBER2011 SPIE Proceedings of 23rd Annual Symposium of Electronic Imaging 2011 2 7864 78640K T3.J2.2: NIMTech: Metrology for New Industrial Measurement Technologies http://spiedigitallibrary.org/proceedings/resource/2/psisdg/7864/1/78640K_1?isAuthorized=no iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Length San Francisco, CA, USA SPIE 23rd Annual Symposium of Electronic Imaging 23 - 27 January 2011 English 1 M.McCarthy S.Brown A.Evenden A.Robinson article AndreasABBBBBGFFFKKKKMMMMNPPRSVW2011 Physical Review Letters 2011 1 21 106 3 T1.J1.2: NAH: Avogadro and molar Planck constants for the redefinition of the kilogram iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 SI and Fundamental Metrology English 1 B.Andreas Y.Azuma G.Bartl P.Becker H.Bettin M.Borys I.Busch M.Gray P.Fuchs K.Fujii H.Fujimoto E.Kessler M.Krumrey U.Kuetgens N.Kuramoto G.Mana P.Manson E.Massa S.Mizushima A.Nicolaus A.Picard A.Pramann O.Rienitz D.Schiel S.Valkiers A.Waseda article PitreSTGRH2011 International Journal of Thermophysics 2011 32 9 T1.J1.4: Boltzmann constant: Determination of the Boltzmann constant for the redefinition of the kelvin 1825-1886 iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 SI and Fundamental Metrology English 10.1007/s10765-011-1023-x 1 L.Pitre F.Sparasci D.Truong A.Guillou L.Risegari M. E.Himbert article JenderkaDKRS2011 Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2011 279 012015 T2.J07: EBCT: External Beam Cancer Therapy iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Health English 1 K.-V.Jenderka G.Durando B.Karaböce S.Rajagopal A.Shaw article KaraboceGRS2011 Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2011 279 012011 T2.J07: EBCT: External Beam Cancer Therapy iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Health English 1 B.Karaböce Y,Gülmez S.Rajagapol A.Shaw article JeanneretROvH2011 Metrologia 2011 48 T4.J03: JOSY: Next generation of quantum voltage systems for wide range applications 311-316 iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Electricity and Magnetism English 10.1088/0026-1394/48/5/011 1 B.Jeanneret A.Ruefenacht F.Overney H.van den Brom E.Houtzager article NwabohDRSW2011 International Journal of Spectroscopy 2011 T2.J02: Breath analysis: Breath analysis as a diagnostic tool for early disease detection 12 pages iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Health English 10.1155/2011/568913 1 Javis A.Nwaboh ThibaultDesbois DanieleRomanini DetlefSchiel OlavWerhahn article ZakelWNRS2011 Metrologia 2011 48 2 T1.J1.2: NAH: Avogadro and molar Planck constants for the redefinition of the kilogram Infrared spectrometric measurement, Silicon, Avogadro constant iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 SI and Fundamental Metrology English doi:10.1088/0026-1394/48/2/S02 1 S.Zakel S.Wundrack H.Niemann O.Rienitz D.Schiel article PramannRSG2011 International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 2011 299 2-3 T1.J1.2: NAH: Avogadro and molar Planck constants for the redefinition of the kilogram 78-86 iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 SI and Fundamental Metrology English 1 A.Pramann O.Rienitz D.Schiel B.Guettler article SwartRS2011 Talanta 2011 83 T2.J10: TRACEBIOACTIVITY: Traceable measurements for biospecies and ion activity in clinical chemistry 1544-1551 iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Health English 1 ClaudiaSwart OlafRienitz DetlefSchiel article RebaneHL2011 Analyst 2011 T2.J10: TRACEBIOACTIVITY: Traceable measurements for biospecies and ion activity in clinical chemistry iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Health English 10.1039/C0AN01031F 1 RiinRebane KoitHerodes IvoLeito proceedings RossiSRAI2011 Proceedings of the 15th International Congress of Metrology 2011 ENG05: Lighting: Metrology for Solid State Lighting We set an experimental session investigating the influence of different light sources and background noise on the perceived contrast, using self-luminous images of a target on a monitor in a semi-anechoic room. Behind a dark panel, on the two sides of the screen, two holes (about 100 mm diameter) accommodate the LED source and the reference source (incandescent). A dodecahedron noise source is also positioned near the tester, generating a stochastic noise we specifically designed for this experiment. <br /> EMRP A169: Call 2009 Energy Paris, France 15th International Congress of Metrology 3 - 6 October 2011 English 1 L.Rossi A.Schiavi G.Rossi A.Astolfi P.Iacomussi proceedings ZhaoRTM2011 Proceedings of the 10th International Conference of the European Bioelectromagnetic Association, EBEA 2011 2011 T4.J07: EMF and SAR: Traceable measurement of field strength and SAR for the Physical Agents Directive iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Length Rome, Italy 10th International Conference of the European Bioelectromagnetic Association, EBEA 2011 21 - 24 February 2011 English 978-88-8286-231-2 1 D.Zhao G.Rietveld G.Teunisse F.Mubarak proceedings BrunaMDR2011 Proceedings 15th International Congress of Metrology 2011 T4.J01: Power & Energy: Next generation of power and energy measuring techniques Wavelet, Digital Filter, Voltage Events, Matlab, Dip, Swell, Interruption iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Electricity and Magnetism Paris 15th International Congress of Metrology 3 - 6 October 2011 English 1 J.Bruna J. J.Melero J.Diaz de Aguilar M. L.Romero proceedings NdilimabakaBRB2011 Proceedings 15th International Congress of Metrology 2011 ENG04: SmartGrid: Metrology for Smart Electrical Grids Climate change and the growing environmental concern involve the transformation of our present electricity grids into ‘smart grids’. This step is crucial for the successful uptake of renewable energy sources in the grid. In a combined effort of 18 European national metrology institutes and 4 universities and research centers, the necessary metrology tools will be developed to facilitate the observability and controllability of this new technology. Here we present the concept of phasor measurement unit (PMU) and its relevant quantities in terms of monitoring and control of the electricity grid. This device being the building block in developing, refining and applying new metrological tools to determine power flows, stability, and power quality of smart electrical grids. Smart grids, Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU), renewable energy sources, metrology EMRP A169: Call 2009 Energy Paris 15th International Congress of Metrology 3 - 6 October 2011 English 1 H.Ndilimabaka I.Blanc G.Rietveld J.Braun proceedings WrightR2011 Métrologie 2009 Conference Proceedings 2011 T4.J01: Power & Energy: Next generation of power and energy measuring techniques iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Electricity and Magnetism Paris International Metrology Congress 22 - 25 June 2009 English 1 P.S.Wright GertRietveld article CerasoliRHRBVR2010 Molecular BioSystems 2010 8 23 6 11 T2.J.11: CLINBIOTRACE: Traceability of Complex Biomolecules and Biomarkers in Diagnostics - Effecting Measurement Comparability in Clinical Medicine 2214-2217 iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Health 1 E.Cerasoli P. D.Rakowska A.Horgan J.Ravi M.Bradley B.Vincent M.Ryadnov article RzychonZS2010 Clinical Chemistry 2010 7 12 56 9 T2.J.11: CLINBIOTRACE: Traceability of Complex Biomolecules and Biomarkers in Diagnostics - Effecting Measurement Comparability in Clinical Medicine 1475-1482 iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Health English 1 M.Rzychon I.Zegers H.Schimmel article ManaRP2010 Metrologia 2010 6 28 47 T1.J1.2: NAH: Avogadro and molar Planck constants for the redefinition of the kilogram 460-463 A new method applying isotope dilution mass spectrometry to determine the molar mass of a silicon sample, highly enriched with respect to 28Si, has been proposed recently. This paper describes a different way of calculating the molar mass by solving an equation linking the measurement results to the ratio between the amount-of-substance fractions of 28Si and 30Si in the sample. The mathematical model and the ?nal measurement equation are much more straightforward than those previously reported, though fully equivalent. This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article accepted for publication in Metrologia. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is available online at&nbsp;<link http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/47/4/012 - external-link-new-window "Opens external link in new window">10.1088/0026-1394/47/4/012 </link> Si molar mass; metrology, isotopic composition; isotopic abundance; atomic weight fileadmin/docs/EMRP/Repository/isotope_dilution_20100602.pdf iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 SI and Fundamental Metrology English 10.1088/0026-1394/47/4/012 1 G.Mana O.Rienitz A.Pramann article KuepferlingSPRWIKPK2010 Applied Physics Letters 2010 6 25 96 25 T4.J02: NanoSpin: Nanomagnetism and Spintronics 252507 iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Electricity and Magnetism English doi:10.1063/1.3455883 1 M.Kuepferling C.Serpico M.Pufall W.Rippard M.Wallis A.Imtiaz P.Krivosik M.Pasquale P.Kabos article ManaR2010 International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 2010 1 25 291 T1.J1.2: NAH: Avogadro and molar Planck constants for the redefinition of the kilogram 55-60 Si molar mass; metrology; isotopic composition; isotopic abundance, atomic weight iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 SI and Fundamental Metrology English 1 G.Mana O.Rienitz article ZwinkelsIFUR2010 Metrologia 2010 47 5 T1.J2.3: qu-Candela: Candela: towards quantum-based photon standards The metrological fields of photometry and radiometry and their associated units are closely linked through the current definition of the base unit of luminous intensity—the candela. These fields are important to a wide range of applications requiring precise and accurate measurements of electromagnetic radiation and, in particular, the amount of radiant energy (light) that is perceived by the human eye. The candela has been one of the base units since the inception of the International System of Units (SI) and is the only base unit that quantifies a fundamental biological process—human vision. This photobiological process spans an enormous dynamic range of light levels from a few-photon interaction involved in triggering the vision mechanism to a level of more than 1015 photons per second that is accommodated by the visual response under bright daylight conditions. This position paper, prepared by members of the Task Group on the SI of the Consultative Committee for Photometry and Radiometry Strategic Planning Working Group (CCPR WG-SP), reviews the evolution of these fields of optical radiation measurements and their consequent impact on definitions and realization of the candela. Over the past several decades, there have been significant developments in sources, detectors, measuring instruments and techniques, that have improved the measurement of photometric and radiometric quantities for classical applications in lighting design, manufacturing and quality control processes involving optical sources, detectors and materials. These improved realizations largely underpin the present (1979) definition of the candela. There is no consensus on whether this radiant-based definition fully satisfies the current and projected needs of the optical radiation community. There is also no consensus on whether a reformulation of the definition of the candela in terms of photon flux will be applicable to the lighting community. However, there have been significant recent advances in radiometry in the development of single-photon sources and single-photon detectors and the growth of associated technologies, such as quantum computing and quantum cryptography. The international acceptance of these new quantum-based technologies requires improved traceability and reliability of measurements at the level of a few photons. This review of the evolution of the candela and the impact of its possible reformulation might lead, in the future, to a reformulation in terms of quantum units (photons). This discussion is timely since redefinitions of four of the other SI base units are being considered now in terms of fundamental constants to provide a more universally realizable quantum-based SI system. This paper also introduces for the first time a fundamental constant for photometry. This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article accepted for publication in Metrologia. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is available online at <link http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/47/5/R01 - external-link-new-window "Opens external link in new window">10.1088/0026-1394/47/5/R01</link> fileadmin/docs/EMRP/Repository/qu_candela/WG-SP_Reformulating_the_candela-May_28_2010v1.pdf iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 SI and Fundamental Metrology English 10.1088/0026-1394/47/5/R01 1 J. C.Zwinkels E.Ikonen N. P.Fox G.Ulm M. L.Rastello article AlSualitiSTKRP2010 Nuclear Instruments and Methods 2010 A 619 T2.J07: EBCT: External Beam Cancer Therapy 344-347 iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Health English 1 L.Al-Sulaiti D.Shipley R.Thomas A.Kacperek P.Regan H.Palmans article HubbardOHRFLSS2010 Optics Express 2010 18 T1.J2.3: qu-Candela: Candela: towards quantum-based photon standards 18811-18819 iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 SI and Fundamental Metrology English 1 R.Hubbard Yu. B.Ovchinnikov J.Hayes D. J.Richardson Y. J.Fu S. D.Lin P.See A. G.Sinclair article BridaDGRR2010 Optics Express 2010 18 20572 T1.J2.3: qu-Candela: Candela: towards quantum-based photon standards iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 SI and Fundamental Metrology English 10.1364/OE.18.020572 1 G.Brida I.Degiovanni M.Genovese M. L.Rastello I.Ruo-Berchera article TaralliPLMRNB2010 Superconductor Science and Technology 2010 23 105012 T1.J2.3: qu-Candela: Candela: towards quantum-based photon standards iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 SI and Fundamental Metrology English doi:10.1088/0953-2048/23/10/105012 1 E.Taralli C.Portesi L.Lolli E.Monticone M.Rajteri I.Novikov J.Beyer article EichenbergerBJJRB2010 Metrologia 2010 48 3 T1.J1.1: e-Mass: The watt balance route towards a new definition of the kilogram 133-141 The METAS watt balance project was initiated slightly more than a decade ago. Over this time, the apparatus has been through an uninterrupted series of upgrades that have improved its reliability to a point where continuous series of measurements can be taken fully automatically over periods of several months. A comprehensive analysis of possible systematic errors has now been completed and a large set of data has been analysed to calculate a value for the Planck constant h. This paper describes the watt balance in detail, explains the data acquisition and analysis thoroughly and presents the uncertainty budget. The value of the Planck constant determined with our apparatus is h = 6.626 069 1(20) × 10^-34 J s with a relative standard uncertainty of 0.29 × 10^-3. This value differs from the 2006 CODATA adjustment by 0.024 µW W^-1 iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 SI and Fundamental Metrology 1 AliEichenberger H.Baumann BlaiseJeanneret BeatJeckelmann PhilippeRichard W.Beer article JitaruRBVF2010 Accreditation and Quality Assurance 2010 15 T2.J10: TRACEBIOACTIVITY: Traceable measurements for biospecies and ion activity in clinical chemistry 343-350 iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Health English 1 PetruJitaru MarcoRoman C.Barbante SophieVaslin-Reimann PaolaFisicaro article PitreGSRT2010 International Journal of Thermophysics 2010 29 5 T1.J1.4: Boltzmann constant: Determination of the Boltzmann constant for the redefinition of the kelvin 1730-1739 iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 SI and Fundamental Metrology English 10.1007/s10765-008-0481-2 1 L.Pitre C.Guianvarc'ha F.Sparascia A.Richard D.Truong article RufenachtOMJ2010 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements digest 2010 T4.J03: JOSY: Next generation of quantum voltage systems for wide range applications 147-148 iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Electricity and Magnetism English 1 A.Rüfenacht F.Overney A.Mortara B.Jeanneret article JeanneretORNJ2010 IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 2010 59 7 T4.J03: JOSY: Next generation of quantum voltage systems for wide range applications 1894-1899 AC measurements,  Josephson devices,  Josephson voltage standard,  waveform synthesizer no iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Length English 0018-9456 1 B.Jeanneret F.Overney A.Rufenacht J.Nissilä proceedings KapschR2010 Proceedings IAEA International Symposium on Standards, Applications and Quality Assurance in Medical Radiation Dosimetry 2010 T2.J07: EBCT: External Beam Cancer Therapy 451 iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Health Vienna, Austria IAEA International Symposium on Standards, Applications and Quality Assurance in Medical Radiation Dosimetry 09-12 November 2010 English 1 R.-P.Kapsch M.Rouijaa proceedings JiangTKSPRFJLMMCB2010 Proceedings of TGSMM2010 2010 T1.J1.1: e-Mass: The watt balance route towards a new definition of the kilogram iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 SI and Fundamental Metrology Saint-Petersburg, Russia IAG Sypposium on Terrestrial Gravimetry: Static and Mobile Measurements (TG-SMM2010) 22 - 25 June 2010 English 1 Z.Jiang L.Tisserand K. U.Kessler-Schulz H. R.Schulz V.Palinkas C.Rothleitner O.Francis P.Jousset D.Lequin S.Merlet J.Mäkinen A.Coulomb M.Becker proceedings TarassoZGLMPRV2010 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM) 2010 T4.J01: Power & Energy: Next generation of power and energy measuring techniques power and energy, ac-dc transfer, shunts, wideband, power coefficient iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Electricity and Magnetism Deajeon, Korea 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM) 13 - 18 June 2010 English 1 V.Tarasso V.N.Zachovalová M.Garcocz K.Lind T.Mansten U.Pogliano G.Rietveld B.Voljc proceedings RietveldBWG2010 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM) 2010 ENG04: SmartGrid: Metrology for Smart Electrical Grids 529-530 EMRP A169: Call 2009 Energy Deajeon, Korea 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM) 13 - 18 June 2010 English 1 G.Rietveld J.Braun P.Wright U.Grottker proceedings HartigRG2010 VDI-Berichte 2010 2108 20 T3.J2.2: NIMTech: Metrology for New Industrial Measurement Technologies 991-1004 iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Length VDI Verlag

Düsseldorf, Germany

Garching, Germany International Conference on Gears 4 -6 October 2010 English 978-3-18-092108-2 1 FrankHärtig KerstinRost GertGoch article RienitzPS2009 International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 2009 9 30 289 T1.J1.2: NAH: Avogadro and molar Planck constants for the redefinition of the kilogram 47-53 Isotope dilution mass spectrometry; Isotopic abundances; Measurement uncertainty; Molar mass; Silicon iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 SI and Fundamental Metrology English 1 OlafRienitz AxelPramann DetlefSchiel article BeckerFFGMPPRV2009 Measurement Science and Technology 2009 8 21 20 092002 T1.J1.2: NAH: Avogadro and molar Planck constants for the redefinition of the kilogram 20 pages Avogadro constant determination; kilogram rede?nition; fundamental physical constants; enriched silicon-28; mass measurements; density measurements; molar mass measurements; lattice parameter measurements; volume measurements; crystal characterization; x-ray, interferometry; optical interferometry iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 SI and Fundamental Metrology English 1 P.Becker H.Friedrich K.Fujii W.Giardini G.Mana A.Picard H.-J.Pohl H.Riemann S.Valkiers article RodKCSF2009 Nanotechnology 2009 8 19 20 33 T4.J02: NanoSpin: Nanomagnetism and Spintronics iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Electricity and Magnetism English 10.1088/0957-4484/20/33/335301 1 I.Rod O.Kazakova D. C.Cox M.Spasova M.Farle article RajteriTPMB2009 Metrologia 2009 46 4 T1.J2.3: qu-Candela: Candela: towards quantum-based photon standards Photon-number discriminating detectors are fundamental to new quantum photon-based standards. We report results on superconducting transition-edge sensors based on Ti/Au and Ti/Pd bilayers allowing pulses containing up to five photons to be discriminated. This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article accepted for publication in Metrologia. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is available online at&nbsp;<link http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/46/4/S28 - external-link-new-window "Opens external link in new window">10.1088/0026-1394/46/4/S28</link> Superconductivity, Instrumentation and measurement, Optics, quantum optics and lasers fileadmin/docs/EMRP/Repository/qu_candela/2009_Newrad_INRIM_TES_as_submitted_to_Metrologia.pdf iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 SI and Fundamental Metrology English 10.1088/0026-1394/46/4/S28 1 M.Rajteri E.Taralli C.Portesi E.Monticone J.Beyer article JitaruRCFB2009 Microchim Acta 2009 166 T2.J10: TRACEBIOACTIVITY: Traceable measurements for biospecies and ion activity in clinical chemistry 319,327 iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Health English 10.1007/s00604-009-0208-5 1 PetruJitaru MarcoRoman GiulioCozzi PaolaFisicaro C.Barbante article JeanneretOCMR2009 IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 2009 58 4 T4.J03: JOSY: Next generation of quantum voltage systems for wide range applications 791-796 AC measurements; Josephson devices; Josephson voltage standard; waveform synthesizer no iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Electricity and Magnetism English 0018-9456 1 B.Jeanneret F.Overney L.Callegaro A.Mortara A.Rufenacht article vandenBromHVMR2009 IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 2009 58 10 T4.J03: JOSY: Next generation of quantum voltage systems for wide range applications 3806-3812 AC Josephson voltage standards; binary Josephson arrays; measurement standards; sampling voltmeter; voltage measurement no iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Electricity and Magnetism English 0018-9456 1 H. E.van den Brom E.Houtzager S.Verhoeckx Q. E.Martina G.Rietveld proceedings MeleroBDR2009 Proceedings 4th National Congress of Metrology 2009 T4.J01: Power & Energy: Next generation of power and energy measuring techniques iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Electricity and Magnetism Santander, Spain 4th National Congress of Metrology June 2009 Spanish 1 J. J.Melero J.Bruna J.Diaz de Aguilar M. L.Romero proceedings JeanneretORN2009 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements digest 2009 T4.J03: JOSY: Next generation of quantum voltage systems for wide range applications 54-55 iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Electricity and Magnetism Daejeon, Korea 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM) 13-18 June, 2010 English 1 B.Jeanneret F.Overney A.Rüfenacht J.Nissilä article AlfonsoACSKKMPRSUV2008 Medical Physics 2008 35 T2.J07: EBCT: External Beam Cancer Therapy 5179-5186 iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 Health English 10.1118/1.3005481 1 R.Alfonso P.Andreo R.Capote M.Saiful Huq W.Kilby P.Kjäll T. R.Mackie H.Palmans K.Rosser J.Seuntjens W.Ullrich S.Vatnitsky article WrightBGTPJHAJNR20100 Physical Review Letters B 2008 78 233311 T1.J1.3: REUNIAM: Redefinition of the SI base unit ampere 1-4 iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 SI and Fundamental Metrology English 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.233311 1 S. J.Wright M. D.Blumenthal GodfreyGumbs A. L.Thorn M.Pepper T. J. B. M.Janssen S. N.Holmes D.Anderson G. A. C.Jones C. A.Nicoll D. A.Ritchie proceedings JuskoNRDFG2008 Proceedings Fifth International Symposium on Instrumentation Science and Technology 2008 T1.J1.4: Boltzmann constant: Determination of the Boltzmann constant for the redefinition of the kelvin form measurement, optical probe, tactile probe, scanning CMM iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 SI and Fundamental Metrology Shenyang, China 5th International Symposium on Instrumentation Science and Technology 15-18 September 2008 English 1 OttoJusko MichaelNeugebauer HelgeReimann P.Drabarek M.Fleischer T.Gnausch proceedings JuskoNRSP2008 Proceedings I-CIMMEC, 1st International Congress on Mechanical Metrology 2008 T1.J1.4: Boltzmann constant: Determination of the Boltzmann constant for the redefinition of the kelvin pressure metrology, Boltzmann constant, dimensional metrology iMERA-Plus: Call 2007 SI and Fundamental Metrology Rio de Janeiro, Brazil I-CIMMEC, 1st International Congress on Mechanical Metrology 8 - 10 October 2008 English 1 OttoJusko MichaelNeugebauer HelgeReimann WladimirSabuga TasaneePriruenrom